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Authors: Shakuntala Rao (2008) - This paper shows that globalization of the Indian broadcast landscape, despite market pressures, has allowed Indian journalists to seek accountability from the government, and has given audiences a broadcast voice. While increasing pro-market focus of news content diminishes emphasis on public service and democratic debates, in many instances, broadcast journalists give voice to the voiceless and seek accountability from the police and political actors. By analyzing news content and journalism practices of several English and Hindi 24-hour news channels, this paper addresses the question as to what extent television journalism’s watchdog function continues to strengthen the democratic system and increase democratic participation in India.
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Authors: Mohamed Zayani (2008) - Over the past few decades, public relations has developed significantly in the West into a sophisticated management function which is recognized as an integral part of any organization’s attempt to communicate with various persons, both within and outside the organization, in order to achieve its goals and objectives. However, this is not the case in the Arab world where public relations remains underdeveloped and, even when practised, is relatively unsophisticated. This paper deals with the public relations function in a prominent though controversial Arab media organization: Al Jazeera Satellite Channel. It explores how Al Jazeera has been dealing with internal and external communication issues impelled initially by its role as a satellite broadcaster spearheading changes in a vib...
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Authors: Qingjiang Yao (2008) - Using the Chinese part (N^1000) of the fourth-wave (2001) World Values Survey data, this research finds a positive association between news media use and willingness to be a Chinese environmentalist. However, this association disappears when political interest, a stronger and more consistent moderator of being a Chinese environmentalist, is put together in one model. The study also finds a positive association between postmateri-alist values and being a Chinese environmentalist, and Chinese environmentalists tend to be more skeptical of the media and the government than non-environmentalists. While Chinese environmentalists prefer a triumph of environmental protection over economic development, they have no preference between statements of human beings mastering nature and human bei...
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Authors: Amit Kama (2008) - This study delves into the motivations, symbolic rewards, and experiences of Filipinos involved in the creation of a magazine catering to the Filipino migrant workers’ community in Israel. Although practices of resistance are the prevailing framework within research about diasporic media, this paper offers another perspective of the construction of a subjugated minority’s sphericule. Power (or lack thereof) is not necessarily a basic force of motivation. Participation in cultural production is not perceived as a journalistic endeavor by Filipinos, but a rare and crucial opportunity to be heard, to have a voice, to win over coerced living circumstances of alienation, solitude, and hard work. In this context they are not ‘just the caregiver,’ but accomplished writers, winners of compe...
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Authors: Arul Chib; May O. Lwin; Justina Ang; Hsu Lin; Fiana Santoso (2008) - The role of ICTs in providing improved healthcare to poor populations in the developing world has been the subject of considerable interest to the development community.
However, despite a substantial literature, little published research has modelled both the value-added aspects of ICTs for social and economic development and those simultaneous challenges that often deter the effective utilisation of ICTs. This study investigates the benefits of, and barriers to, the effective use of ICTs within the healthcare system, specifically in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. We advance and evaluate a theoretical model which extends the so-called value-of-ICTs-to-education framework of Banuri, Zaidi, and Spanger-Siegfried (United Nations Development Programme, 2005).
The effect of ICTs on maternal a...
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Authors: Mark Cenite; Chong Shing Yee; Lim Li Qin; Tan Xian Lin; Han Teck Juan (2008) - This study sought to determine if Singapore’s press model has evolved beyond the development model to take on characteristics of other press models. It examined balance and framing in election coverage in the Straits Times, Singapore’s dominant English newspaper, over 16 days before the 2006 Singapore General Election. As expected under the development model, and contrary to expectations under the social responsibility model, we found coverage of the competing parties lacked balance, as indicated by more coverage with a more favorable tone for the ruling People’s Action Party. In framing, we found game frames predominated over issue frames, as predicted by media intrusion theory, in which commercial media favor competitive aspects of campaigns as a result of following commercial jou...
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Authors: Jonathan Donner; Camilo Andres Tellez (2008) - Around the globe, various initiatives use the mobile phone to provide financial services to those without access to traditional banks. Relatively little scholarly research explores the use of these m-banking/m-payments systems. This paper calls attention to this gap in the research literature, emphasizing the need for research focusing on the context(s) of m-banking/m-payments use. Presenting illustrative data from exploratory work with small enterprises in urban India, it argues that contextual research is a critical input to effective ‘adoption’ or ‘impact’ research. Further, it suggests that the challenges of linking studies of use to those of adoption and impact reflect established dynamics within the Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD) research com...
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Authors: Nimmi Rangaswamy (2008) - Telecenter initiatives run by non-profit agents are widely believed to be critical access points for digital inclusion. By contrast, Internet or cyber cafe´s are viewed generally merely as commercial sites, thus falling outside the purview of non-profit initiatives promoting e-literacy. From a contextual study of Internet cafe´s in urban and suburban Mumbai and in peri-urban small towns of Maharashtra state, India, we report on the localization of information and communication technology (ICTs), including how Internet cafe´s discern survival niches and how they often serve as reasonably-priced initiation nodes for first-time users. This article discusses a variety of context-specific and commercial instances of ICT services as manifest in everyday commerce. We argue that for-profit ...
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Authors: Yi-Hui Huang (2008) - This paper explores the role of third-party mediation in particular and the extent to which four conflict management strategies, i.e., third-party mediation, integration, distribution, and avoidance in general, exist and affect conflict resolution in the Taiwanese government’s executive^legislative relations. Additionally, third-party media-tion mianzi (face) and renqing (favor) in relation to Chinese culture are explored. Two independent samples were included in this study. The first included 235 legislative members and their assistants working within the legislative branch. The second included 301 legislative liaisons from the executive branch in Taiwan. The results indicated that four conflict strategies had been used in legislative^executive relations, namely integrative, distri...
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